理坑原名理源,位于婺源县城56公里的沱川乡。建村于北宋末年,村人好读成风,崇尚“读朱子之书,服朱子之教,秉朱子之礼”,被文人学者赞为“理学渊源”。几百年来这偏僻山村,秉承勤学苦读之风,人才辈出,先后出过尚书余懋衡,大理寺正卿余启元,司马余维枢,知府余自怡等七品以上官宦36人,进士16人,文人学士92人,著作达333部582卷之多,其中5部78卷被列入《四库全书》,可见理坑昔日的辉煌。至今仍保存完好的古建筑有明代崇祯年间广州知府余自怡的“官厅”,明代天启年间吏部尚书余懋衡的“天官上卿”,明代万历年间户部右侍郎、工部尚书余懋学的“尚书第”,清代顺治年间司马余维枢的“司马第”,清代道光年间茶商余显辉的“诒裕堂”,还有花园式的“云溪别墅”,园林式建筑“花厅”,颇具传奇色彩的“金家井”。这些古建筑粉墙黛瓦、飞檐戗角、“三雕”工艺精湛,布局科学、合理、冬暖夏凉,是生态文明的绿宝石,是建筑艺术的博览园。已列入省级重点文物保护单位,全国百个民俗文化村之一。
Likeng village was founded in 1150 with a history of 850 years and a population of more than 1130 surnamed Yu. The declared area of world cultural historical heritage is 28.5 hectares, with a extended area of 187 hectares. The village is situated adjacent to a mountain and facing a river, the residences are characterized as Hui type beside streets along a river with white colored walls and black tiles and flying brims and outstanding ridges, forming a beautiful view of the river and streets at the river bay.
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